若因温度和变形程度选择不当而得到粗大晶粒时，可利用热处理相变细化晶粒*，forging厂商，但对于热处理中不发生相变的钢种，如奥氏体钢，就必须在锻造过程中获得细小而均匀的晶粒*，因此对这样的材料在锻造时须加倍注意。

If the temperature and degree of deformation and improper selection of coarse grains， the grain refinement phase change heat treatment， but for the steel phase transition does not occur in the heat treatment， such as austenitic steel， it must be in the forging process h*e fine and uniform grains， so this kind of material in the forging must pay more attentio*.

自由锻造分手工自由锻和机器自由锻。手工自由锻生产效率低，劳动强度大，仅用于修配或简单、小型、小批锻件的生产。

Manual free forging is inefficient and labor intensive. It is only used for the production of repair or simple， *all and *all forgings.Free forging cists of manual free forging and machine free forging.

自由锻都是以生产批量不大的锻件为主，采用锻锤、液压机等锻造设备对坯料进行成形加工，获得合格锻件。 自由锻的基本工序包括镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。自由锻采取的都是热锻方式。

Free forging is in the production of *all quantities of forgings，鞍山forging， the forging， hydraulic press forging equipment is carried out on the blank forming process， obtain qualified forgings. The basic process of free forging including upsetting，forging设备， stretching， punching， cutting， bending， torsion， displacement and welding etc.. The free forging is all hot forging.