自由锻造所用的工具简单，加工方法通用性强，锻造哪家好，生产准备周期短，因而应用较为广泛。自由锻分为手工锻造和机器锻造两种。手工锻造只能生产小型锻件，生产率也较低。

The tool used for free forging is simple， the versatile and the production period is short， so it is widely used. Free forging is divided i* two kind*anual forging and machine Manual forging can only produce *all forgings， and the productivity is low.

镦粗主要有以下形式：

完全镦粗。完全镦粗是将坯料竖直放在砧面上， 在上砧的锤击下， 使坯料产生高度减小，圣霖锻造型号，横截面积*的塑性变形。

Upsetting mainly includes the following forms:

Full upsetting. Complete upsetting is to place the blank vertically on the anvil surface，锻造， hammering on the anvil， so that the height of the blank decreases， the cross-sectional area increases plastic deformation.

自由锻。指用简单的通用性工具，锻造生产商，或在锻造设备的上、下砧铁之间直接对坯料施加外力，使坯料产生变形而获得所需的几何形状及内部质量的锻件的加工方法。 采用自由锻方法生产的锻件称为 自由锻件。

Free forging. It refers to the processing method of forgings directly using the external force between the upper and the lower anvil of forging equipment， so as to get the required geometry and internal quality by applying external force directly to the billet. Forgings produced by free forging are called free forgings.