GH159<*n>简介*n> <*n>合金是在国外多相钴基高温*n><*n>合金*n><*n>(*n>MP<*n>合金)的基础上发展起来的一种新型高强度多相钴基高温合金。它的主要特点是:利用冷变形首先在面心立方基体中诱发产生交叉网状分布的片关*n><*n>ε*n><*n>相来阻止位错的长程运动而产生强化,再经过时效处理析出弥散的*n><*n>Ni3X*n><*n>相补充强化。该合多金具有超高强度、良好的塑韧性和高的应力腐蚀*力等综合性能,并且在*n><*n>650℃*n><*n>的高温下仍能保持其高强度的特性。该合金不仅可广泛用于航空发动机的高温紧固螺栓等零件,也可用于应力腐蚀环境下(如海洋大气环境)服役的飞机用超高强度紧固件。供应的主要品种是冷拉棒材。*n>
GH159<*n>钴基高温合金*n>
1.1<*n>、材料牌号*n>
GH159
1.2<*n>、相近牌号*n>
MP159 (<*n>美国)*n>
1.3<*n>、材料的技术标准*n>
Q/6S 992-1992<*n>《高温紧固件用*n><*n>GH159*n><*n>合金冷拉棒材》*n>
C3S 284-1993<*n>《高温紧固件*n><*n>GH159*n><*n>合金合金冷拉棒材》*n>
<*n>协上五高*n>28-1993<*n>《高温紧固件*n><*n>GH159*n><*n>合金合金冷拉棒材》*n>
1.4<*n>、化学成分*n>
<*n>表*n>1-1
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">C*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Cr*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Ni*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Co*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Mo*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Fe*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Ti*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">≤0.04*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">18<*n>~*n><*n>20*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">余量*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">34<*n>~*n><*n>38*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">6<*n>~*n><*n>8*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">8<*n>~*n><*n>10*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">2.5<*n>~*n><*n>3.25*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Al*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Nb*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">B*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Mn*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">Si*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">P*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">S*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">0.1<*n>~*n><*n>0.3*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">0.25<*n>~*n><*n>0.75*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">≤0.03*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">≤0.20*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">≤0.20*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">≤0.02*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">≤0.01*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
1.5<*n>、热处理制度*n>
<*n>固溶处理*n>1040<*n>~*n><*n>1055℃,4*n><*n>~*n><*n>8h,*n><*n>水冷*n><*n>+*n><*n>在室温进行*n><*n>48%±1%*n><*n>的冷拔变形*n><*n>+*n><*n>时效处理*n><*n>650*n><*n>~*n><*n>675℃*n><*n>,*n><*n>4*n><*n>~*n><*n>4.5h*n><*n>,空冷。*n>
1.6<*n>、品种规格与供应状态*n>
<*n>可以生产*n>d5<*n>~*n><*n>25mm*n><*n>的冷拉棒材,状态为冷拔态。*n>
1.7<*n>、熔炼与铸造工艺*n>
<*n>合金采用真空感应加真空电弧重熔的双联生产工艺。*n>
1.8<*n>、应用概况与特殊要求*n>
<*n>该合金主要用于航空发动机的紧固件,在*n>600℃<*n>下性能稳定,可长期使用,是目前综合性能****的航空发动机紧固件材料。*n>
<*n>合金主要是经过冷变形诱发产生大量网关分布的*n>ε<*n>相进行强化。因此,对冷拔变形的工艺参数要严格控制。变形量过小,强度不足,变形量太大,强度升高,但塑性降低。实践证明,当冷变形量控制在下限时合金具有较好的综合性能。*n>
物理及化学性能
2.1.1<*n>、熔化温度范围*n>
1318℃
2.1.2<*n>、热导率*n>
<*n>表*n>2-1
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">θ/℃*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">θ/℃*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">100*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">200*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">300*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">400*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">500*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">600*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">700*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">800*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">λ/<*n>(*n><*n>W/*n><*n>(*n><*n>m·C*n><*n>))*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">冷拔状态*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">11.3*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">14.1*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">15.6*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">17.4*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">19.1*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">21.0*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">23.0*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">24.6*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">λ/<*n>(*n><*n>W/*n><*n>(*n><*n>m·C*n><*n>))*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">冷拔<*n>+*n><*n>时效状态*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">11.0*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">13.8*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">15.3*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">17.1*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">18.6*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">20.5*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">21.0*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">--*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
2.1.3<*n>、线膨胀系数*n>
<*n>表*n>2-2
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">θ/℃*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>100*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>200*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>300*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>400*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>500*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>600*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>700*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25<*n>~*n><*n>800*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">α/10-6C-1*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">14.3*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">14.2*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">14.2*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">14.6*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">14.9*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">15.1*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">16.0*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">18.2*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
2.2<*n>、密度*n>
ρ=8.33g/cm3
2.3<*n>、电性能*n>
<*n>合金电阻率*n> <*n>见表*n>2-3
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">θ/℃*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">25*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">100*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">200*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">300*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">400*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">500*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">600*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;"> *n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">ρ/(10-6Ω.m)*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">冷拔状态*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.033*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.059*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.086*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.118*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.151*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.201*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.236*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">冷拔<*n>+*n><*n>时效状态*n>*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.096*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.102*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.135*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.162*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.181*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.210*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">1.231*n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
<*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;"> *n><*n style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;">*n> |
2.4<*n>、磁性能*n>
<*n>合金在*n>25℃<*n>时的*n><*n>磁导率*n><*n>为*n>1.00265
2.5<*n>、化学性能*n>
<*n>该合金具有较好的*缝隙腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂的能力。在典型的****实验中未发现缝隙腐蚀和点蚀。在擦盐试验中未发生损坏。交替浸渍证明该合金具有良好的*氢脆和应力腐蚀开裂的能力。*n>
*结构
4.1<*n>、 相变温度*n>
γ+ε<*n>两相区温度范围为*n><*n>540~700℃*n><*n>,*n><*n>540℃*n><*n>以下的*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相为亚稳定。*n>
4.2<*n>、 合金*结构*n>
<*n>合金在上临界温度(约为*n>700℃<*n>)以上为稳定的面心立方*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相,在下临界温度仪下(约为*n><*n>540℃*n><*n>)为稳定的密排六方*n><*n>ε*n><*n>相;两温度之间为*n><*n>γ+ε*n><*n>的两相区。当合金从上临界温度冷却到室温时可保持亚稳定态的*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相。当在室温下进行冷变形时可诱发*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相到*n><*n>ε*n><*n>相的马氏体型转变。因此,合金经固溶处理后全部为亚稳定的*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相,在冷变形过程中部分*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相发生马氏体相变转变为稳定的*n><*n>ε*n><*n>相。所生成的*n><*n>ε*n><*n>相为波片状,在面心立方的*n><*n>γ*n><*n>相晶粒内呈交叉网状分布。*n>
成形性能
5.1<*n>、 合金加工*n>
<*n>合金钢锭受限制*n>1125~1180℃<*n>保温*n><*n>18~36h*n><*n>进行均匀化处理以减少*偏析和脆性*n><*n>σ*n><*n>相形成。合金锻造开坯温度不高于*n><*n>600℃*n><*n>,加热温度为*n><*n>120℃±10℃*n><*n>,时间不小于*n><*n>4h*n><*n>,开锻温度不低于*n><*n>1050℃*n><*n>,终锻温度不低于*n><*n>950℃*n><*n>。合金热轧开坯装炉温度不高于*n><*n>700℃*n><*n>,加热温度为*n><*n>1130℃±10℃*n><*n>,保温*n><*n>30~60min*n><*n>。道次****变形量不超过*n><*n>20%*n><*n>。终轧温度不低于*n><*n>950℃*n><*n>。热轧后合金在*n><*n>1050~1075℃*n><*n>退火*n><*n>1h*n><*n>以得到均匀晶粒,便于后续冷变形加工。*n>
5.2<*n>、 零件热处理工艺*n>
<*n>螺栓的热处理工艺为*n>650~675℃<*n>,*n><*n>4h*n><*n>时效处理,空冷。*n>
5.3<*n>、 表面处理工艺*n>
<*n>合金京剧不敏感加热热镦成螺帽后,表面再经冷搓丝加工螺纹。*n>